ADVERSE PREGNANCY OUTCOMES ASSOCIATED WITH MALARIA AND TYPHOID CO-INFECTION IN PREGNANT WOMEN ATTENDING ANTENATAL CLINICS IN ANAMBRA STATE, SOUTH- EASTERN NIGERIA.
Keywords:
Malaria, typhoid, co-infection, pregnancy outcome, Southeast, Nigeria
Abstract
Malaria in pregnancy has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Its co-infection with typhoid fever is indeed a double tragedy. The present study was designed to evaluate the pregnancy outcomes in malaria and or malariatyphoid co-infected pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Anambra State, South Eastern Nigeria.
References
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Ogbusu FI, Nwoke BE, Njoku AJ, Anosike JC, Uwaezuoke JC (2004). Prevalence of malaria among pregnant women in Owerri Municipal Council area in Imo State, Nigeria. AJAZ 2004:PP 31-35
Adefioye OA, Adeyeba OA, Hassan WO, Oyeneran OA. Prevalence of Malarie parasite infection among pregnant women in Osogbo, South west Nigeria. Ann Euras J Sci Res 2007; 2(1):43-45
Agomuo CO, Oyibo WA, Anorlu RI, Agomuo PUJ (2009). Prevalence of malaria in Lagos, Sout-West Nigeria. Korean J Parasitol 2009; 47(2):179-183
Isah AY, Amanabo MA, Ekele BA . Prevalence of malaria parasitaemia amongst asymptomatic pregnant women attending a Nigerian teaching Hospital. Ann Afr. Med 2011; Apr-Jun 10(2):171-4
Raimi OG, And Kanu CP. The Prevalence of Malaria infection in pregnant women living in a suburb of Lagos, Nigeria. Afr J.Biochem Res 2010;4(10):243- 245
Ukibe SN, Ikeakor LC, Mbanugo JI, and Ukibe NR . Prevalence of Malaria among Pregnant Women attending antenatal Clinics in Hospitals in Anambra state, South –East, Nigeria. Nig J Parasito l2013; VOL 34(2)
Cohen S, Mc GI, Carrinton S . Gamma globulin and Acquired immunity to human malaria. Nauchni Tr Vissh Med Inst Sofiia 1961;192:733-737.
Burns DN, Nourjah P, Minkoff H, et al . Changes in CD4+ and CD8+ cell levels during Pregnancy and post partum in women seropositive and seronegative for HIV- 1. Am J Obstet Gynae1996; 174 (5):1461-1468.
Ukibe Solomon N, Ikeakor Lawrence C, Mbanugo James I, Obi-Okaro Alphonsus C, Ukibe Nkiruka R (2013). Rate of Malaria- Typhoid co- infection among Pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Anambra State, South –East Nigeria. Int J Trop Med Pub Health (U.K) 2013; Vol 2 (1):1-11
Gills H.M, Lawson J.B, Silbelos M, Voller A, Allan N . Malaria, anaemia, and pregnancy. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol 1969;63: 245 – 263
Shulmar C.E, Graham W.J, Jilo H, Lowe B.S, New L, Obiero J, Snow R. W, Marsh K . Malaria is an important cause of anaemia in primigravidae: evidence from a district hospital in coastal Kenya. Trans R, Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg1996; 90:535-539.
Ukibe Solomon N, Ikeakor Lawrence C, Mbanugo James I, Obi-Okaro Alphonsus C, and Ukibe Nkiruka R.Prevalence of Anaemia in Pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Anambra State South Eastern Nigeria. Int J Adv Res 2013; 1 (9):65-69
Brabin B, Piper C. . Anaemia and malaria attributable low birth weight in two populations in Papua New Guinea. Ann Hum Biol 1997; 24: 547-55.
Aribodor DN, Nwaorgu OC, Eneanya CI, Okoli I, Pukkia-Worly R, and Etaga HO . Low birth weight and Malaria in pregnancy. J Infect Dev Ctries 2009; 3(8):620-623
Sing N, Shukia M.M, Sarma V.P, Epidemiology of malaria in pregnancy in Central India. Bulletin of the World health Organization 1999;77:567-572
Figueroa DR, Segura CE, Garcia AT, de la Cruz BR . Typhoid fever in pregnancy. Clinical course, treatment and perinatal repercussions Ginecol Obstet Mex 1994; 62:362-7
National Population Commission (NPC) (2006). Census figures Anambra state. Nigeria
. Anambra State Government Nigeria (ANSG) Official Home page: http:www.anambrastate.gov.ng
Cheesbrough Monica (1998) Distict Laboratory Practice in Tropical countries Part 1pp 256-257, 305.
Amosu AM, Degun AM, Thomas AM, Olarenwaju MF, Babalola AO,Omeonu PE, Ola OO, Oyerinde OO . Trends of low birth weight in Ogun State, Nigeria, 1991- 1999:Reference to the World Summit for Children target for the 1990s. Arch Appl Sci Res(2011b;,3(1)498-505
Onwuanaku CA, Okolo SN, Ige KO, Okpe SE, Toma BO . The Effects of Birth weight and gender in neonatal mortality in North central, Nigeria. BMC Research Notes 2011, 4:562
Awoleke JO .Maternal Risk factors for low birth weight babies in Lagos, Nigeria. Arch. Gynaecol Obstet 2012;,285(1):1-6
Ukibe S.N, Ikeako L.C, Mbanugo J.I, Obi-Okaro A.C, Eneanya C.I, Ukibe N.. Prevalence of Low birth weight (LBW) babies in malaria-infected pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in hospitals in Anambra State, south eastern Nigeria. Health Science Research2012; 1(1):8-11
Stekette RW, Wirima JJ, High Town AW, Slutskar L, Heyman DL, Breman JG. The Effects of Malaria and malaria prevention in pregnancy on offspring’s birth weight, prematurity and intrauterine growth retardation in rural Malawi. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1995; (55):33-41.
Agarwal Kiran, Agarwal Ashok, Agarwal VK, Agarwal P,Chaudhary V. Prevalence and Determinants of low birth weight among institutional deliveries. Ann Nig Med 2011; 5(2):4
Guyat HL and Snow RW. Impact of malaria during pregnancy on low birth weight in Sub- Saharan Africa. Clin. Microbiol Rev 2004. Oct 17(4):760-769
World Health Organization (WHO) (2012). Preterm births. Fact Sheet N 363
Mokuola AO, Suleiman BM, Adesuyin OO, and Adeniyi A . Prevalence and determinants of pre-term deliveries in the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria. Paediatric Reports2010 June 18: 2(1): e3
Omole-Ohonsi A and Attah RA (2012) Risk Factors of Preterm Deliveries at Amino Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria. S A J M S Vol 1(1):3-10
Pierre De Beautrap, Eleanor T, Lisa JW,Carolyn N, Benon T Atis M, Phillipe JG, Yap B, Rose M, Patrice P. Impact of Malaria during pregnancy on pregnancy outcomes in Ugandan prospective Cohort with intensive malaria screening and prompt treatment. Malaria Journal 2013; 12:139
Abidoye RO, Hunponu-Wusu OO, and Martyns-Yellow TI . A study of incidence of anaemia in pregnant women and the control in Port-Harcourt,Nigeria. Early Child Development and care 1992; 9(1):89-96
Idowu OA, Mafiana CF, and Sotiloye Dapo . Anaemia in pregnancy: A survey of pregnant women in Abeokuta, Nigeria. Afr Health Sci 2005;5 (4):295- 299
Nduka FO, Egbu A, Okafor C, and NwugoVO . Prevalence of Malaria Parasite and Anaemia in Pregnant and Non-pregnant women in Aba and Okigwe towns of Southeast Nigeria. Animal Research International 2006; 3(3):508-512
Dim CC, Onah HE . The Prevalence of Malaria among Pregnant women at Booking in Enugu, Southeastern Nigeria. Med Gen Med. 2007; 9(3):11
Bukar M, Audu BM, Yahaya UR, Mela GS . Anaemia in pregnancy at Booking in Gombe North- easthern Nigeria. J. Obstet Gynaecol 2008; 28(8):775=778(4)
Ugwuja EI, Akubugwo EI, Ibiam IA, Onyech i O . Impact of Maternal Iron Deficiency and Anaemia on Pregnancy and its outcomes in a Nigerian Population. The Inter J. Nutrition and Wellness 2010; Vol 10 No.1 D01:10.5580/1C68
Adesina O, Akinyemi O, Oladokun A . Prevalence of Anaemia in Pregnancy at two levels of Health care in Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria. Ann Afr Med 2011;10(4):272-277
Ukibe Solomon N, Ikeakor Lawrence C, Mbanugo James I, Obi-Okaro Alphonsus C, and Ukibe Nkiruka R.Prevalence of Anaemia in Pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Anambra State South Eastern Nigeria. Int J Adv Res 2013; 1 (9):65-69
Ogbusu FI, Nwoke BE, Njoku AJ, Anosike JC, Uwaezuoke JC (2004). Prevalence of malaria among pregnant women in Owerri Municipal Council area in Imo State, Nigeria. AJAZ 2004:PP 31-35
Adefioye OA, Adeyeba OA, Hassan WO, Oyeneran OA. Prevalence of Malarie parasite infection among pregnant women in Osogbo, South west Nigeria. Ann Euras J Sci Res 2007; 2(1):43-45
Agomuo CO, Oyibo WA, Anorlu RI, Agomuo PUJ (2009). Prevalence of malaria in Lagos, Sout-West Nigeria. Korean J Parasitol 2009; 47(2):179-183
Isah AY, Amanabo MA, Ekele BA . Prevalence of malaria parasitaemia amongst asymptomatic pregnant women attending a Nigerian teaching Hospital. Ann Afr. Med 2011; Apr-Jun 10(2):171-4
Raimi OG, And Kanu CP. The Prevalence of Malaria infection in pregnant women living in a suburb of Lagos, Nigeria. Afr J.Biochem Res 2010;4(10):243- 245
Ukibe SN, Ikeakor LC, Mbanugo JI, and Ukibe NR . Prevalence of Malaria among Pregnant Women attending antenatal Clinics in Hospitals in Anambra state, South –East, Nigeria. Nig J Parasito l2013; VOL 34(2)
Cohen S, Mc GI, Carrinton S . Gamma globulin and Acquired immunity to human malaria. Nauchni Tr Vissh Med Inst Sofiia 1961;192:733-737.
Burns DN, Nourjah P, Minkoff H, et al . Changes in CD4+ and CD8+ cell levels during Pregnancy and post partum in women seropositive and seronegative for HIV- 1. Am J Obstet Gynae1996; 174 (5):1461-1468.
Ukibe Solomon N, Ikeakor Lawrence C, Mbanugo James I, Obi-Okaro Alphonsus C, Ukibe Nkiruka R (2013). Rate of Malaria- Typhoid co- infection among Pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Anambra State, South –East Nigeria. Int J Trop Med Pub Health (U.K) 2013; Vol 2 (1):1-11
Gills H.M, Lawson J.B, Silbelos M, Voller A, Allan N . Malaria, anaemia, and pregnancy. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol 1969;63: 245 – 263
Shulmar C.E, Graham W.J, Jilo H, Lowe B.S, New L, Obiero J, Snow R. W, Marsh K . Malaria is an important cause of anaemia in primigravidae: evidence from a district hospital in coastal Kenya. Trans R, Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg1996; 90:535-539.
Ukibe Solomon N, Ikeakor Lawrence C, Mbanugo James I, Obi-Okaro Alphonsus C, and Ukibe Nkiruka R.Prevalence of Anaemia in Pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Anambra State South Eastern Nigeria. Int J Adv Res 2013; 1 (9):65-69
Brabin B, Piper C. . Anaemia and malaria attributable low birth weight in two populations in Papua New Guinea. Ann Hum Biol 1997; 24: 547-55.
Aribodor DN, Nwaorgu OC, Eneanya CI, Okoli I, Pukkia-Worly R, and Etaga HO . Low birth weight and Malaria in pregnancy. J Infect Dev Ctries 2009; 3(8):620-623
Sing N, Shukia M.M, Sarma V.P, Epidemiology of malaria in pregnancy in Central India. Bulletin of the World health Organization 1999;77:567-572
Figueroa DR, Segura CE, Garcia AT, de la Cruz BR . Typhoid fever in pregnancy. Clinical course, treatment and perinatal repercussions Ginecol Obstet Mex 1994; 62:362-7
National Population Commission (NPC) (2006). Census figures Anambra state. Nigeria
. Anambra State Government Nigeria (ANSG) Official Home page: http:www.anambrastate.gov.ng
Cheesbrough Monica (1998) Distict Laboratory Practice in Tropical countries Part 1pp 256-257, 305.
Amosu AM, Degun AM, Thomas AM, Olarenwaju MF, Babalola AO,Omeonu PE, Ola OO, Oyerinde OO . Trends of low birth weight in Ogun State, Nigeria, 1991- 1999:Reference to the World Summit for Children target for the 1990s. Arch Appl Sci Res(2011b;,3(1)498-505
Onwuanaku CA, Okolo SN, Ige KO, Okpe SE, Toma BO . The Effects of Birth weight and gender in neonatal mortality in North central, Nigeria. BMC Research Notes 2011, 4:562
Awoleke JO .Maternal Risk factors for low birth weight babies in Lagos, Nigeria. Arch. Gynaecol Obstet 2012;,285(1):1-6
Ukibe S.N, Ikeako L.C, Mbanugo J.I, Obi-Okaro A.C, Eneanya C.I, Ukibe N.. Prevalence of Low birth weight (LBW) babies in malaria-infected pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in hospitals in Anambra State, south eastern Nigeria. Health Science Research2012; 1(1):8-11
Stekette RW, Wirima JJ, High Town AW, Slutskar L, Heyman DL, Breman JG. The Effects of Malaria and malaria prevention in pregnancy on offspring’s birth weight, prematurity and intrauterine growth retardation in rural Malawi. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1995; (55):33-41.
Agarwal Kiran, Agarwal Ashok, Agarwal VK, Agarwal P,Chaudhary V. Prevalence and Determinants of low birth weight among institutional deliveries. Ann Nig Med 2011; 5(2):4
Guyat HL and Snow RW. Impact of malaria during pregnancy on low birth weight in Sub- Saharan Africa. Clin. Microbiol Rev 2004. Oct 17(4):760-769
World Health Organization (WHO) (2012). Preterm births. Fact Sheet N 363
Mokuola AO, Suleiman BM, Adesuyin OO, and Adeniyi A . Prevalence and determinants of pre-term deliveries in the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria. Paediatric Reports2010 June 18: 2(1): e3
Omole-Ohonsi A and Attah RA (2012) Risk Factors of Preterm Deliveries at Amino Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria. S A J M S Vol 1(1):3-10
Pierre De Beautrap, Eleanor T, Lisa JW,Carolyn N, Benon T Atis M, Phillipe JG, Yap B, Rose M, Patrice P. Impact of Malaria during pregnancy on pregnancy outcomes in Ugandan prospective Cohort with intensive malaria screening and prompt treatment. Malaria Journal 2013; 12:139
Abidoye RO, Hunponu-Wusu OO, and Martyns-Yellow TI . A study of incidence of anaemia in pregnant women and the control in Port-Harcourt,Nigeria. Early Child Development and care 1992; 9(1):89-96
Idowu OA, Mafiana CF, and Sotiloye Dapo . Anaemia in pregnancy: A survey of pregnant women in Abeokuta, Nigeria. Afr Health Sci 2005;5 (4):295- 299
Nduka FO, Egbu A, Okafor C, and NwugoVO . Prevalence of Malaria Parasite and Anaemia in Pregnant and Non-pregnant women in Aba and Okigwe towns of Southeast Nigeria. Animal Research International 2006; 3(3):508-512
Dim CC, Onah HE . The Prevalence of Malaria among Pregnant women at Booking in Enugu, Southeastern Nigeria. Med Gen Med. 2007; 9(3):11
Bukar M, Audu BM, Yahaya UR, Mela GS . Anaemia in pregnancy at Booking in Gombe North- easthern Nigeria. J. Obstet Gynaecol 2008; 28(8):775=778(4)
Ugwuja EI, Akubugwo EI, Ibiam IA, Onyech i O . Impact of Maternal Iron Deficiency and Anaemia on Pregnancy and its outcomes in a Nigerian Population. The Inter J. Nutrition and Wellness 2010; Vol 10 No.1 D01:10.5580/1C68
Adesina O, Akinyemi O, Oladokun A . Prevalence of Anaemia in Pregnancy at two levels of Health care in Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria. Ann Afr Med 2011;10(4):272-277
Ukibe Solomon N, Ikeakor Lawrence C, Mbanugo James I, Obi-Okaro Alphonsus C, and Ukibe Nkiruka R.Prevalence of Anaemia in Pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Anambra State South Eastern Nigeria. Int J Adv Res 2013; 1 (9):65-69
